ABSTRACT
This article is a systematic review of the available literature on the benefits that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offers patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and confirms its effectiveness. After receiving the device, some patients fear that it will malfunction, or they remain in a constant state of tension due to sudden electrical discharges and develop symptoms of anxiety and depression. A search with the key words “anxiety”, “depression”, “implantable cardioverter”, “cognitive behavioral therapy” and “psychotherapy” was carried out. The search was conducted in early January 2013. Sources for the search were ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and PsycINFO. A total of 224 articles were retrieved: 155 from PubMed, 69 from ISI Web of Knowledge. Of these, 16 were written in a foreign language and 47 were duplicates, leaving 161 references for analysis of the abstracts. A total of 19 articles were eliminated after analysis of the abstracts, 13 were eliminated after full-text reading, and 11 articles were selected for the review. The collection of articles for literature review covered studies conducted over a period of 13 years (1998-2011), and, according to methodological design, there were 1 cross-sectional study, 1 prospective observational study, 2 clinical trials, 4 case-control studies, and 3 case studies. The criterion used for selection of the 11 articles was the effectiveness of the intervention of CBT to decrease anxiety and depression in patients with ICD, expressed as a ratio. The research indicated that CBT has been effective in the treatment of ICD patients with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Research also showed that young women represented a risk group, for which further study is needed. Because the number of references on this theme was small, further studies should be carried out.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety/therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects , Defibrillators, Implantable/psychology , Depression/therapy , Anxiety/etiology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Depression/etiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Embora nao esteja definitivamente comprovada que a severidade da malária esteja associada com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), sabe-se que a infecçao pelo Plasmodium falciparum pode favorece uma rápida evoluçao da infecçao pelo HIV. Além disso a associaçao da malária com HIV/AIDS, do ponto de vista clínico, pode ser extremamente grave face a ocorrência de outros microorganismos e/ou neoplasias, o que piora a evoluçao e prognóstico dos pacientes. A concomitância do vírus HIV com o Plasmodium em zonas endêmicas de malária, é uma possibilidade que deve ser sempre pensada, visto que a sua transmissao está relacionada a fatores de risco ligados aos comportamentos das pessoas, que nem sempre sao logo revelados e/ou identificados. Os autores descrevem um caso de malária cerebral Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum em um paciente com AIDS. Descrevem sua evoluçao clínica e terapêutica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Malaria, Cerebral/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Malaria, Cerebral/diagnosis , Malaria, Cerebral/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
Previo a, y después de la implantación de um Programa de Intervención para Corregir las Deficiencias de Vitamina A y de Hierro en Areas de Pobreza de Minas Gerais, Brasil, se sometieron a evalución nutricional muestras aleatorias de niños de ambos sexos en Belo Horizonte, la ciudad capital, y en Turmalina, así como en el Valle de Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Después del primer examen todos los niños recibieron, con intervalo de 180 días, una dosis oral única de vitamina A, sulfato de hierro oral durante 50 días, y 200mg de Mebendazol/díías. A los 30 días de haber finalizado la administración de la tercera dosis de medicina, los niños se sometieron a una nueva evaluación. En Belo Horizonte, la primera evaluación reveló una alta prevalencia de valores deficientes y bajos de vitamina A en niños preescolares(21.5%) y escolares(21.7%). Se constató también, en ambos grupos, uma pequeña prevalencia de valores bajos de hematocrito. Se encontraron, asimismo, valores bajos de hemoglobina en 21.5% de preescolares, y en 17.5% de escolares. La segunda evaluación, practicada 30 días después de adminiatrar la tercera dosis de medicina, reveló una pequeña incidencia de valores bajos de vitamina A (4.3% en niños preescolares y 2.9% en escolares) y valores bajos de hemoglobina (6.5% en preescolares y 2.9%) valores deficientes de hemoglobina ni de vitamina A. En cuanto a valores de hematocrito, sólo un niño de edad escolar acusó un valor bajo en la segunda evaluación. Por otra parte, al practicar el primer examen en el Valle de Jequitinhonha, se encontraron cinco casos de mancha de Bitot y xerosis conjuntival, dos casos de xerosis de la córnea y uno de queratomalacia. Treinta días después de finalizar la tercera dosis de medicina, únicamente se detectó una cicatriz corneal...